Moreover, MD requires less vapor space and building material quality compared to conventional thermal distillation processes leading to potentially lower construction costs. For rural arid populations with less robust infrastructure availability, it is not cost effective to scale down conventional desalination technologies, such as reverse osmosis (RO) or multistage flash distillation (MSF). Solar membrane distillation (SMD) was considered an appropriate water provision option in decentralized regions. In fact, to face the rapid increase in water demand in the irrigation and industrial sectors, as well as in the incompressible needs of the population in the large agglomerations of the various countries, highlights the research in the desalination of water as a capital due to the fact that the water scarcity increases in countries where water resources are too low in relation to population and agriculture. Nowadays, on the world level, the demand for drinking water is in strong growth. Then, the developed system has been studied using TRNSYS and PVGIS programs on different days during the year in Ain Temouchent weather, Algeria. It was found that the developed system consumes less energy (1.2 kW) than other systems by percentage reaches 52.64% and with an average distillate water flow reaches 10 kg/h at the feed inlet temperature of AGMD module 52☌. Therefore, the power load of solar AGMD systems is calculated and compared for the production of 100 L/day of distillate water. The various MD solar systems are studied numerically using and including both flat plate collectors (the useful thermal energy reaches 3750 kJ/hr with a total area of 4 m2) and photovoltaic panels, each one has an area of 1.6 m2 by using an energy storage battery (12 V, 200 Ah). The chapter presents a new approach for the numerical study to investigate various solar thermal systems of the MD process.
Air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) is the new MD configuration for desalination where both the hot feed side and the cold permeate side are in indirect contact with the two membrane surfaces.
Membrane distillation (MD) is a separation process used for water desalination, which operates at low pressures and feeds temperatures.
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